Nobel prizes french winners :
1901 - Sully Prudhomme (The first Nobel Prize in literature)
1904 - Frédéric Mistral (wrote in Occitan)
1911 - Maurice Maeterlinck (Belgian)
1915 - Romain Rolland
1921 - Anatole France
1927 - Henri Bergson
1937 - Roger Martin du Gard
1947 - André Gide
1952 - François Mauriac
1957 - Albert Camus
1960 - Saint-John Perse
1964 - Jean-Paul Sartre (declined the prize)
1969 - Samuel Beckett (Irish, wrote in English and French)
1985 - Claude Simon
2000 - Gao Xingjian (writes in Chinese)
This is just an extract from the long list of our modern writers. Further classical french writers as Balzac, Molière or Victor Hugo can be found on the following website (in fact, there are thousands of french writers):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_literature
Adding to that, there are many french philosophers or poets.
For science, there are many scientists too. Amongst the best known are Marie Curie, or Henri Becquerel, who discovered radioactivity, René Descartes, who founded the cartesian geometry, Blaise Pascal...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French_scientists
France has also a lot of musicians : Ravel, Couperin, Bizet...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:French_musicians
France has developped its own nuclear weapons in the 60s, it launches rockets and satellites, builds the fastest railway electric train in the world (the Train à Grande Vitesse, who reached 320mph in the 90s), it hosts the Airbus airplane constructor and its Aérospatiale Industry has created the Concorde with the UK.
It's also a french doctor who discovered AIDS in 1983.
It's a french baron who created the modern Olympic Games.
As you mentioned it, France is also well known for culture, that's true.